Low testosterone: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

Table Of Content

• Scalp infections
• document.getElementsByTagName('head') .appendChild(rs);
• Side effects of DHT blockers
• Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Hair Loss
• Increase Your Vitamin C Intake
• Does Ashwagandha Really Increase Testosterone Levels?

There’s “free” testosterone that isn’t bound to proteins in your body. This is the form of testosterone most available to act within the body. Symptoms of low testosterone can vary considerably, particularly by age.

Scalp infections

DHT is formed when the enzyme 5-alpha reductase converts testosterone to DHT. “Primary testicular failure is typically due to a problem within the testicles itself,” says Dr. Hakim. Hone-affiliated medical practices are independently owned and operated by licensed physicians who provide services using the Hone telehealth platform. For more information about the relationship between Hone and the medical practices click here. Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia) is an oral, prescription-only medication. It’s documented as having at least an 87 percent success rate in one 2012 study on 3,177 men, with few noted side effects.

document.getElementsByTagName('head') .appendChild(rs);

It’s not the amount of testosterone or DHT that causes baldness; it’s the sensitivity of your hair follicles. The AR gene makes the receptor on hair follicles that interact with testosterone and DHT. If your receptors are particularly sensitive, they are more easily triggered by even small amounts of DHT, and hair loss occurs more easily as a result.

Side effects of DHT blockers

The most common DHT blockers that physicians have found effective against hormonal hair loss are Minoxidil and Finasteride. Malnutrition and particular daily habits can also contribute to hair loss. Physical complications such as rapid weight loss or weight gain can also lead to certain deficiencies that can cause hair loss. Other lifestyle choices, such as daily alcohol consumption and smoking regularly, have also been shown to accelerate male pattern baldness. Low testosterone levels in males can lead to erectile dysfunction. They can also affect sleep, mood, the size of the testicles, and more.

When should I see my healthcare provider about low testosterone?

As a result, doctors have theorized that lower testosterone levels could contribute to affected memory. It is not known how many people get the drug for hair loss on a private prescription but some clinics have reported an increase. It is only licensed by the MHRA for hair loss in 18 to 41-year-olds, and the treatment of enlarged prostates. It works by stopping the sex hormone testosterone from turning into another hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which can cause the prostate to grow, and hair to fall out. Though testosterone is essential to the health and well-being of all bodies, there is limited research on its supplementation in females. Early research has shown some benefits of low dose testosterone therapy include postmenopausal care, gender affirming care, and more.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Hair Loss

But at this time, research into the effect of low testosterone in females is limited and there are no conclusive guidelines for what should be considered “low” testosterone levels in females. After many clinical studies, scientists have found that in most cases, this DHT sensitivity is a genetic condition that can be traced back through the men in your family. Naturally, that means if other men in your family have a high sensitivity to DHT and have experienced hair loss, you have a much higher chance of experiencing hair loss yourself. Most men with close family relatives that are currently balding may cringe at the thought of being genetically imprisoned to the possibility of losing their hair in the future.

There's a link between testosterone therapy and male-pattern balding. Your doctor can talk to you about any side effects of testosterone treatment. Low testosterone is diagnosed by measuring testosterone levels with a blood test.

So rest easy knowing it won’t harm your testosterone levels in any way. If your receptors are highly sensitive, even small amounts of DHT can easily trigger them, leading to increased hair loss. Higher levels of DHT can cause the hair to fall out faster, prolong the growth cycle, and grow in shorter and thinner, according to the National Library of Medicine. The Rock, Vin Diesel, and Jason Statham make bald look good, but plenty of guys are worried about hair loss—and whether levels of testosterone plays a role.

For many men, the most common cause of hair loss stems from their genetics as they age. Typically, men who have family members with a history of hair loss or baldness are more likely to experience hair loss themselves. Usually, this form of hair loss in men starts with a receding hairline (frontal baldness) as hair from the top of the head also begins to fall.

Sometimes in primary hypogonadism testosterone levels are within the normal range and gonadotropins are high. Your specialist will help you understand if you need treatment, even with normal testosterone levels. If you have symptoms such as reduced sex drive or erection problems, you should see your healthcare provider.

Providers also take symptoms into consideration when diagnosing low testosterone. Your body usually tightly controls the levels of testosterone in your blood. Levels are typically highest in the morning and decline through the day. Be sure to work large groups of muscles when you exercise and do some weight lifting, too. Because testosterone helps build muscle, when it gets low, so does your muscle mass and strength. When you work out you don't see the results that you would normally expect from exercise.

Mayo Clinic Minute: How low testosterone can affect men's health - Mayo Clinic

Mayo Clinic Minute: How low testosterone can affect men's health.

Posted: Mon, 12 Jun 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

If you are starting to go bald as you age, it can have a serious impact on your look and your confidence. There are many causes of balding and many rumors as to why this balding occurs in the first place. One of the most common questions that men tend to have about their thinning hair is whether or not low T or low testosterone has anything to do with this change. An enlarged prostate is a common condition in men over the age of 50, affecting as many as three million, although many will not realise or need treatment until symptoms, such as frequent urination, develop.

However, the testosterone level does not determine how sensitive the hair follicle is to DHT. Some patients genetically have a higher sensitivity to DHT, meaning high levels of DHT can accelerate the hair loss process. For men with low T symptoms such as hair loss, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a viable option to help boost their testosterone levels and stimulate hair growth. In addition, by using TRT to replenish their low testosterone, men can prevent the symptoms of low testosterone and other related medical conditions that can contribute to their hair loss, such as diabetes.

Urologist Lawrence S. Hakim, MD, debunks some of the myths and helps answer some of your most burning questions. Your body converts about 10% of the testosterone you produce into DHT via an enzyme called 5 alpha-reductase, notes the Society for Endocrinology. By age 50, up to half of men start to lose hair along their temples, crown, and hairline (1). Less than 15% of men still sport their full head of hair at age 70.

Some people are more susceptible to these effects of DHT on scalp hair based on variations in their androgen receptor (AR) gene. Androgen receptors are proteins that allow hormones like testosterone and DHT to bind to them. This binding activity typically results in normal hormonal processes like body hair growth. Testosterone supplements can be prescribed for patients experiencing low levels of testosterone and can take the form of injections, a gel, patches, or pellets surgically implanted under the skin.

As men age, testosterone production naturally decreases and can affect body and facial hair growth. Still, researchers have not found a link between low testosterone levels and hair loss on the crown of the head. While low testosterone levels may correlate to less DHT being produced, the primary cause of hair loss is a genetic sensitivity to the binding of DHT to the hair follicles. High testosterone levels in male and female patients can contribute to increased production of DHT, which can accelerate hair thinning for genetically predisposed people. While that is the case, testosterone levels can still affect many aspects of the female body, including muscle mass, bone density, menstruation cycle, and sex drive. However, there is no correlation between low testosterone levels and hair loss in females.

Symptoms of Low Testosterone in Women

Table Of Content

• Female Hair Loss Causes — It Could Be a Medical Condition
• Low Dose Testosterone in Females: The Benefits and Risks
• Low Testosterone in Women
• Body Hair Loss
• Harvard Health Publishing
• Free Healthbeat Signup

About 30 million women in the United States have this type of hair loss compared to 50 million men. If you’re dealing with symptoms of low T, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can offer numerous benefits, including improved mood, increased energy, and enhanced overall well-being. Alcohol consumption can have negative effects on overall health, including testosterone levels. A study published in the journal PLOS ONE found that men who experienced chronic stress had lower testosterone levels than men who did not experience chronic stress. Stress can have negative effects on overall health, including testosterone levels.

Female Hair Loss Causes — It Could Be a Medical Condition

While smoking-related hair loss is not necessarily reversible, it is advisable to try quitting smoking. However, it is not yet clear whether it is possible to reverse hair loss due to smoking. Currently, no studies suggest that hair loss improves after stopping smoking, so further research is still necessary.

Low Dose Testosterone in Females: The Benefits and Risks

About 10 percent of testosterone in all adults is converted to DHT with the help of an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase (5-AR). All of our content is written by people with a strong science background, including medical researchers. Most cases of low testosterone are treatable, and being aware of the symptoms can help a person receive an early diagnosis and treatment. A primary care physician may refer an individual to a urologist, who specializes in diseases of the male reproductive system, or to an endocrinologist who specializes in hormone-related diseases. While changes to the lifestyle and diet alone may not raise levels sufficiently, they can often help. However, anyone who experiences one or more of the above symptoms should seek medical attention.

Low Testosterone in Women

When androgen levels increase in the body, the production of DHT in the 5-alpha reductase enzyme rises, which can be a risk factor for patients genetically susceptible to hair loss. The DHT binds to the hair follicle, causing them to weaken and accelerating the hair-thinning process. As such, increasing testosterone levels in the body does not cause hair loss, but it can accelerate the process already in motion. Testosterone replacement therapy may be effective for patients with these conditions and can be administered in several ways, including injections, pellets, creams, and patches.

Depending on the cause of their hair loss, they may also be referred to experts like a dermatologist, a trichologist, or an endocrinologist for treatment. If a person notices these symptoms, they should speak with a doctor. A doctor can then come up with a treatment plan to increase their testosterone levels.

Reduced sex drive

Women’s hair loss due to hormones can be damaging to your self-image and how you perceive your quality of life. Contact a healthcare provider if you think you have symptoms of low testosterone. While the causes and effects of low testosterone aren’t completely known, your healthcare provider can run tests to help figure out what’s causing your symptoms.

Male Menopause: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments - Health.com

Male Menopause: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments.

Posted: Tue, 27 Feb 2024 08:00:00 GMT [source]

Female hair loss causes may include an excess or lack of some hormones you might not expect — like testosterone. Treatment for low testosterone can be controversial because low testosterone in women and people AFAB hasn’t been well-studied. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hasn’t approved any testosterone treatments currently. As there isn’t a standard for treatment, providers treat low testosterone in women the same way they’d treat it in men. This can be problematic because women and people AFAB require significantly less testosterone (a much lower dose of medication) than men and people AMAB. On the other hand, changes in the body that occur as a result of sleep apnea can lead to low testosterone levels.

Harvard Health Publishing

Evidence highlights that smoking has an adverse effect on hair health. Nicotine, tobacco, and other components present in cigarettes can build up in hair follicles and the hair shaft. Smoking, and the harmful chemicals present in cigarettes such as nicotine, can cause hair loss.

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The same applies to testosterone supplements, which raise DHT levels and have additional side effects, including acne breakouts, chest hair growth, male pattern baldness, and lowering the voice. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is another condition that contributes to high DHT levels in females and occurs when the ovaries overproduce androgens, such as testosterone. When polycystic ovarian syndrome occurs and testosterone levels rise, additional side effects may include acne breakouts, body hair growth, and irregular menstruation. Testosterone replacement therapy is designed to raise testosterone levels in patients with Low T, restoring normal testosterone levels, which fall in the 300-1,000 nanogram per deciliter of blood range. Some patients worry that increased levels of testosterone in the body can contribute to hair loss and male pattern baldness. Hair loss occurs when the hair follicles become thinner and weaker, eventually entering a permanent resting phase and causing the hair to fall out.

Dihydrotestosterone is the form of testosterone primarily responsible for hair loss. A doctor can check your testosterone level with a simple blood test. Since testosterone influences many of the body’s physical processes, it can also influence mood and mental capacity. Low dose testosterone may also allow for gradual physical changes, giving individuals time to assess the effects before deciding on further treatment.

A male with low testosterone may notice a reduction in the size of their testicles that is not related to cold temperatures. The American Urological Association defines low testosterone as less than 300 nanograms (ng) of the hormone per deciliter (dl) of blood. They also report that about 2 in every 100 men have low testosterone.

Physicians commonly prescribe two different types of medications to help treat hair loss caused by testosterone imbalance and abnormal levels of DHT. Unfortunately, due to their differences in physiology, there are several possibilities as to why men may experience hair loss differently. In this article, we will explore the potential causes of male hair loss and the various treatment options men have available to restore their hair to its former glory. By the time they reach 35, over 85% of men in the United States will experience a significant amount of hair loss. In some cases, even younger men between the ages of 16 and 29 may also find their hair thinning prematurely, indicating that the aging process may not always cause hair loss. For every man suffering from hair loss, this phenomenon can prompt many to question their body composition and the source of this unwanted transition.

Overall, we recommend testosterone replacement therapy for men suffering from clinically low testosterone levels. Gaunitz adds that women may experience hair growth in non-typical areas of the body, such as the chin or chest. People should consider seeking medical advice if they experience these symptoms. Rare genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome, where males have an extra X chromosome, may also affect testosterone production. Genetic variants that affect the Y chromosome and the sex hormone-binding globulin may result in a higher risk for low testosterone. SHBG is a protein that helps deliver testosterone to the body’s tissues.

Congressman Mike Johnson Elected Speaker of the House

Table Of Content

• Louisiana House of Representatives
• A Letter from president David A. Thomas Regarding the 140th Commencement
• Elections
• He once supported the criminalization of gay sex
• Louisiana Republican played a significant role in effort to overturn the 2020 election
• His role in promoting 2020 election denial

He is also the vice chairman of the Republican House Conference and holds an assistant leadership role as GOP deputy whip. In 2020, Biden won Georgia by fewer than 12,000 votes over Trump out of about 5 million ballots cast. The combined enrollment at Morehouse and its adjoining schools that make up the Atlanta University Center is about 9,000 students. The president had more comfortable margins in Michigan and Pennsylvania but cannot afford to lose Black support across the metro areas of Detroit and Philadelphia. Under Lomax’s leadership, UNCF has raised more than $4 billion and helped more than 150,000 students earn college degrees.

Louisiana House of Representatives

But as Greene has said, the existence of her motion serves as a warning. She could activate a vote at any time so Johnson should know he is skating on thin ice. Speaker of the House Mike Johnson (R) (R-LA) receives the Speaker's gavel from Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries (L) (D-NY) after the House of Representatives held an election in the U.S. Rep. Kevin Hern, an Oklahoma Republican who chairs the influential Republican Study Committee, dropped out of the race for speaker Tuesday evening and backed Johnson. House Republicans then nominated Jordan, although the deep divisions remained within the party.

Who is Rep. Patrick McHenry from NC, the new acting House speaker? What to know. - Charlotte Observer

Who is Rep. Patrick McHenry from NC, the new acting House speaker? What to know..

Posted: Wed, 04 Jan 2023 08:00:00 GMT [source]

A Letter from president David A. Thomas Regarding the 140th Commencement

Green, who graduated in 2014, called the effort part of a “common thread of protest and activism in the Morehouse tradition” of social and political engagement. For a complete list of commencement events and supporting information, visit  morehouse.edu/commencement. Morehouse College will welcome Joseph R. Biden, the 46th President of the United States of America, as its keynote speaker for the 140th Commencement Exercises on Sunday, May 19, 2024, at 9 a.m. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

Elections

The 30-year saga began with Gingrich of Georgia, who was the first member of his party to gain "the big gavel" since the early 1950s and the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Gingrich had been a backbench rabble-rouser since coming to the House in 1978 and built up a cadre of supporters until he won the party's No. 2 power position as minority whip in 1989. He soon eclipsed the party's leader, Robert Michel, who was nearing retirement.

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On October 25, 2023, he was elected unanimously by his House Republican colleagues to serve as the Speaker. After a tenure of less than 6.8 years in the House, Mike was given the honor faster than any person in history except for Speaker John G. Carlisle in 1883, who had previously served for only 6.75 years. As a Member of Congress, he represents the nearly 760,000 residents of 16 parishes in the northwest and western regions of his state. Mike was first elected to Congress on December 10, 2016, by the largest margin of victory in his region in more than 50 years and is currently serving in his fourth term in Congress. "Homosexual relationships are inherently unnatural and, the studies clearly show, are ultimately harmful and costly for everyone," Johnson wrote in a 2004 op-ed. At the time, Johnson worked at the Alliance Defense Fund, now known as Alliance Defending Freedom.

He once supported the criminalization of gay sex

That’s one of the shortest tenures ever before assuming control of the House gavel, second only to John G. Carlisle’s 6.75 years prior to the start of his speakership in December 1883. Supreme Court amicus brief in a Texas lawsuit arguing that Biden’s victories in the battleground states of Pennsylvania, Georgia, Michigan, and Wisconsin were invalid because election officials changed voting procedures without first seeking legislative approval. According to Politico, Perkins—a controversial figure who has argued that natural disasters are a form of divine punishment for homosexuality—began inviting Johnson to serve as a guest host on his national radio show, Washington Watch, in 2015. The lawmaker was apparently a good fit, as Johnson has continued to appear on the show in the years since. He will now play a key role as Congress tries to avoid a government shutdown on November 18 by agreeing on a new funding bill. With these important negotiations looming, here’s what you need to know about Johnson as he assumes his high-profile title.

And just shy of his fourth anniversary in the job, he was voted out by the full House Republican conference in December 1998. Johnson has gained stature and won bipartisan praise for letting the whole House vote on the aid package. He also got strong support in the Senate, where even an outright majority of Republicans voted for the aid on Tuesday. McCarthy was the first speaker in history to be removed by a vote on the House floor, leaving a vacancy in the Republican leadership while the party holds a razor-thin majority. The Republican-led House voted Wednesday for Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) as its new speaker. Johnson, who served as vice chairman of the House Republican Conference, was the GOP’s fourth nominee for the speakership.

Biden has increasingly encountered protests this year from progressives who assert that he is too supportive of Israel. He has long joined the U.S. foreign policy establishment in embracing Israel as an indispensable Middle East ally. Yet he also has criticized Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for mounting civilian deaths in Gaza and told him that future U.S. aid depends on Israel taking steps to protect civilians. The Rev. Stephen Green, pastor of the St. Luke AME Church in Harlem and an author of the alumni letter, said in an interview that his group has reached out to several Morehouse trustees and hopes to speak with Thomas.

Republicans vote for Jim Jordan as speaker nominee in second try to replace McCarthy - New York Post

Republicans vote for Jim Jordan as speaker nominee in second try to replace McCarthy.

Posted: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Last week, Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio was the party's nominee, losing support with each successive floor vote until he was voted down by the conference on Friday. Before that, House Majority Leader Steve Scalise was briefly the nominee. President Biden served as a senator from Delaware for 36 years before assuming the role of the 47th Vice President of the United States.

“Experts project that homosexual marriage is the dark harbinger of chaos and sexual anarchy that could doom even the strongest republic,” he wrote in one such article in 2004. When Representative Mike Johnson of Louisiana wanted to make the case against abortion rights last year during a Capitol Hill committee hearing, he grilled a witness in graphic fashion. Most concerning to many Democrats is Johnson’s support for Trump two years ago as the former president was trying to illegally overturn his presidential defeat, after every state had certified Trump’s loss and several courts had rejected the former president’s challenges.

Following his victory in the 2020 presidential primary election, President Biden was inaugurated as the 46th President of the United States. He also served as chairman and ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Committee for 16 years, becoming widely recognized for writing and spearheading landmark legislation. President Biden also served as chairman or ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years, playing a pivotal role in shaping U.S. foreign policy.

“A friend to all and an enemy to none,” Republican conference chairwoman Elise Stefanik said when nominating Johnson ahead of the speaker vote Wednesday. McCarthy, while careful to state that he opposes a "blank check" for Ukraine, was generally supportive of sending aid. The Louisiana Republican would be the first congressional leader to be opposed to Ukraine aid. Reflecting the nation’s overall racial gaps in income and net worth, Black college students are disproportionately dependent on Pell Grants, which typically cover only a fraction of college costs, and student loans. According to Federal Reserve data, about 1 out of 3 Black households has student loan debt, compared to about 1 in 5 white households.

Though Johnson has been under heavy fire from conservatives, lawmakers have become skeptical that Greene would call up a motion to vacate against the speaker, a procedural vote that if passed, would oust Johnson. Johnson is currently facing an existential threat to his speakership led by conservative rabble rouser Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., who is seeking to force the speaker out from his post for working with Democrats to pass legislation, including Ukraine aid. Most of them served in that long stretch when their party held the majority for four decades. The most recent Democrat, however, is Nancy Pelosi, still a House member and the House speaker emerita.

In the years before he arrived in Congress in 2017, Mr. Johnson worked as an attorney and spokesman for the anti-abortion-rights and anti-gay group Alliance Defense Fund — now called the Alliance Defending Freedom. During that time, he expressed some of his hard-line views in editorials in the local newspaper in his hometown of Shreveport, La. He said that millions of unborn children had lost their lives because of what he called a “legal fiction that the Supreme Court foisted upon this country” and said that “God will bless us” for the court’s decision. In Congress, Mr. Johnson has voted for a national abortion ban and co-sponsored a 20-week abortion ban, earning him an A-plus rating from the anti-abortion group Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America.

As a leading advocate of college readiness, UNCF enables 50,000 students to attend college through annual scholarships. Dr. Lomax oversees the organization’s 400-plus scholarship initiatives, which award more than 10,000 scholarships a year. He also launched UNCF's Institute for Capacity Building, which supports member HBCUs in becoming stronger, more effective, and more self-sustaining. Johnson's visit to the campus further elevates the issue, and marks the latest in a series of visits from lawmakers this week.

The Supreme Court rejected the request, saying it lacked legal standing. Before the vote Wednesday, numerous members of Congress said they knew little about Johnson, with some Republican senators saying they had never even met him. Johnson has also co-sponsored legislation by Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., called the Protect Children’s Innocence Act, which would make it a crime to provide gender-affirming care to people under 18 years of age. Johnson's voting record has earned him a lifetime rating of 92% from the American Conservative Union and 90% from Heritage Action.

Who is Mike Johnson, the newly elected House speaker?

Table Of Content

• Congressman Mike Johnson (LA- is elected Speaker of the House.
• Active shooter neutralized outside Wisconsin middle school
• He tried to overturn the 2020 election results
• Mike Johnson and the troubled history of recent Republican speakers

Emmer was ultimately the party's nominee for just over four hours before he withdrew on Tuesday. Following three failed GOP speakership bids in the three weeks since Kevin McCarthy's ouster, the House elected Rep. Mike Johnson of Lousiana on Wednesday to be the next speaker of the House. Roughly three weeks after Kevin McCarthy’s removal as speaker of the U.S.

Congressman Mike Johnson (LA- is elected Speaker of the House.

On October 25, 2023, following the ousting of Kevin McCarthy from the speakership, Johnson was elected as the 56th speaker of the House. In 2024, he helped pass a bill meant to provide Ukraine with $60 billion of U.S. aid. Johnson is a graduate of the Paul M. Hebert Law Center at Louisiana State University.

Active shooter neutralized outside Wisconsin middle school

She comes in at fifth on the longevity roster, having served one day shy of eight years from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2019 to 2023. Prior to that, the last Republican speaker had been Nicholas Longworth of Ohio, who died in 1931. Technically, he died as speaker, but his party lost its majority before the next Congress convened and elected a Democrat to the job.

He tried to overturn the 2020 election results

Washington — House Speaker Mike Johnson was met with loud boos when he visited Columbia University on Wednesday to call for the resignation of the institution's president as the campus has been roiled with accusations of antisemitism amid ongoing pro-Palestinian protests. By the 1970s, committees had gained such control over legislative outcomes that widespread reforms were adopted, which shifted power back to the speaker. Her push mostly fell flat within the House GOP, with even Johnson's critics showing little appetite to go through another three weeks of chaos and disorder that followed the ouster of ex-Speaker Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., in early October last year. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., announced plans to trigger a vote on ousting Speaker Mike Johnson next week.

Who Is Austin Scott? Maybe the Next Speaker of the House! - New York Magazine

Who Is Austin Scott? Maybe the Next Speaker of the House!.

Posted: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Personal life

He voted this year in favor of the debt limit law negotiated by McCarthy and Biden. But he voted against the stopgap bill to avert a government shutdown on Oct. 1. Johnson is a constitutional lawyer who has used his talents to craft some creative — and controversial — theories. The most notable is his role in devising an argument aimed at keeping Donald Trump in power even though he lost the 2020 election.

The official statement from Democratic leadership is a big boost to Johnson as he seeks to stave off right-wing anger. The list of the 10 speakers who served in the job longest includes just one Republican (and in the ninth slot at that). That speaker was Joseph G. Cannon of Illinois, notorious as the autocratic "Czar Cannon" during three two-year tours as speaker that ended with his party's historic defeat in 1910. The well-respected No. 2 Republican, Eric Cantor of Virginia, had lost his primary in 2014. The No. 3, McCarthy, soon ran aground over remarks in a TV interview and lacked the votes to be speaker. The party settled on Ways and Means Chairman Paul Ryan of Wisconsin, who had not sought the gavel but agreed to take it.

Johnson has also been a staunch supporter of Louisiana’s oil and gas industry. He has received more campaign money from that industry during his seven years in Congress than any other and, like many of his GOP colleagues, has repeatedly downplayed climate change. An active member of the House Judiciary Committee, Johnson gained some notice as one of the leading Republican questioners of witnesses during Trump’s first impeachment in 2019.

Mike Johnson and the troubled history of recent Republican speakers

But even more than his election denialism, Mr. Johnson’s political career has been defined by his religious views. The exchange reflected the lawmaker’s deeply conservative views, particularly on social issues, and his tendency to express them in inflammatory ways. “Do you support the right of a woman who is just seconds away from birthing a healthy child to have an abortion? McCarthy also said he supported Johnson, as did moderates and far-right members across the spectrum. Johnson’s ability to unite his own side of the aisle was obvious — at least for now. Johnson defended and played a role in Trump’s attempts to overturn the 2020 election results following Joe Biden’s victory.

Social Security and Medicare

He assumed office in January 2017 and has since won three additional terms. In addition to his background as a lawyer, Johnson has also served as a professor for Liberty University in the past five years. He began his political career in the Louisiana state legislature in 2015. Homosexuals do not meet the criteria for a suspect class under the equal protection clause because they are neither disadvantaged nor identified on the basis of immutable characteristics, as all are capable of changing their abnormal lifestyles.

Jordan took his nomination to the floor, and went on to lose three floor votes over four days. Republicans dropped him as the nominee, and nine Republicans ultimately jumped in the race to be the next speaker at Tuesday's conference meeting. A New York Times article last year called Johnson “the most important architect of the Electoral College objections” on Jan. 6, 2021. His argument to colleagues was that certain states’ changes to their voting procedures during the Covid-19 pandemic were unconstitutional, an argument that became more palatable to lawmakers than the fabricated claims of mass fraud. In all, 147 Republicans voted to block the certification of Joe Biden electors.

The speaker chair of the House became vacant after Kevin McCarthy was removed on October 3 by the hard-right section of the Republican Party after McCarthy approved a bipartisan temporary funding bill to avoid government shutdown. Mike Johnson was elected as House speaker after three other candidates were unable to secure enough votes. Learn more about the current House leadership and the history of the Speaker of the House by visiting the House History, Art, and Archives website. On October 25, 2023, Congressman Mike Johnson (LA-04) was elected as the Speaker of the House.

What Is an Operations Strategy & Why You Need One

Table Of Content

• Guide Your Operations Strategy
• DesignOps in design organization
• Review your current design team workflow
• What is DesignOps?
• The Opsy Guide to Design Ops

Tools—everything from task management to actual design software—have become quite complex and interconnected. Because of this, and the way design teams tend to customize end-to-end workflows to their needs, technical issues previously in the IT realm are now within design team territory. As companies invest in scaling design, new disciplines and teams become part of the existing company fabric—making operational gaps inevitable.

Guide Your Operations Strategy

This solution reduced lead times by 65% and recruiting costs by 60%; the development team saved 430 working days. This case study demonstrates the value of DesignOps in coordinating and addressing the above challenges. Businesses are in a constant state of flux, responding to a wide array of factors. As a result their teams and organisational structures morph, bend and sometimes break. With deep understanding of the capabilities required to design with efficiency and effectiveness I help create organisational structures that perform, while being responsive to change.

DesignOps in design organization

Let’s say your organization has committed to the best user-centered design processes. You’ve worked with your top-notch team to create a toolkit of methods that make processes sing. But even with all this being true, your designs still fall flat (or don’t provide as much value as you had hoped). This is where Design Operations, commonly referred to as DesignOps, comes into play. DesignOps ensures that collaboration actually happens by setting up the right processes and practices and facilitating the collaborative design process. It ensures that both other designers, as well as other stakeholders, are always aligned.

Review your current design team workflow

If your design team is having difficulty producing high-quality work on time or maintaining consistent design standards, embracing DesignOps practices may be the solution to empower your team and drive greater results. Putting new team members with experienced ones can help streamline the process and accelerate the learning process. They will be better able to fit in with the team and comprehend the culture and design process as a result. Without the right mix of talent, a project cannot be completed with client satisfaction.

What is DesignOps?

By following a set of practices, your designers can enhance the quality of these interactions, focus on effective goal completion, and free the time for other initiatives. DesignOps is needed to address challenges in UX design workflow, such as inconsistency, bottlenecks, and communication gaps. It helps teams meet project deadlines, maintain design quality, and improve collaboration, ultimately enhancing the overall design process. DesignOps empowers designers to focus on their creative work, which ultimately leads to higher client satisfaction. From building team culture to standardizing processes, it makes it possible for design teams to succeed and consistently provide great results.

Facilitating Effective Communication

This information will aid in defining a clear role for the DesignOps engineer. The DesignOps engineer relies on ongoing performance assessments to determine what can be done better to positively impact business indicators. Without a Design Manager, project teams in large organizations are at risk of being divorced from other departments. As a result, processes can overlap, toolkits become cumbersome, and the resulting confusion leads to product non-compliance and discord within the team. Generally, the team can work in sprints that include designers and stakeholders early in the process to explore and test diverse ideas. Gartner suggests using a common enterprise agile planning (EAP) tool and agile practices to help along the way.

DesignOps Courses

The DesignOps team organizes workshops and training for the professional development of the design team. They also provide professional and emotional support for designers within their team and organize team-building activities to create a sense of community in the design team. With the fierce competition on the market, hiring top design talent is no easy feat. However, bringing a group of experienced, skilled people into one place is only part of success. Among others, to build a thriving product design team you must also invest in design operations (also known as DesignOps).

If you’re totally new to DesignOps, or still trying to understand what it is, we recommend that you explore the following resources in order, from top to bottom. Get high-quality creative, ship campaigns faster and stand out from the competition. Join our community of 40,000+ who receive the best in design and marketing content, weekly.

How to figure out whether you need a DesignOps team

Using design thinking to improve legal operations processes - Wolters Kluwer

Using design thinking to improve legal operations processes.

Posted: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 15:51:19 GMT [source]

Without proper operations, these design teams are left without a management system that allows them to focus on their craft. DesignOps functions within these organizational models in a variety of ways, with the ultimate goal of effectively defining roles, responsibilities, and outcomes for designers and managing performance. Operational leaders require communication skills that allow setting objectives, problem solving, and managing project outcomes easy to translate and understand.

Design ops also prioritizes recognition and rewards for members of the design team. One of the key components of design ops is the opportunity to define how the design team completes each project. That means standardizing as much of the work as possible and learning how to prioritize each assignment. This makes it easier for design managers to delegate tasks, resulting in a more balanced workload for the entire team.

Decentralised Renewable Energy (DRE) systems Design, Operations and Applications of Solar Mini-Grid Systems - Centre for Science and Environment

Decentralised Renewable Energy (DRE) systems Design, Operations and Applications of Solar Mini-Grid Systems.

Posted: Fri, 05 Apr 2024 06:51:41 GMT [source]

We will continue to improve and build on this initiative with a lean approach, along with your support and collaboration. We encourage you to join the pilot program and please share your insights as we aim to continue listening, learning, and improving this new membership benefit. Naturally, my job shifted from just “being the designer” to a more complex position. I started to help setting up processes in the design team, automating tedious tasks, introducing systematic design thinking where it wasn’t already used, and bridging the gap between UX, UI, and Development. A common vocabulary and appreciation for the other department help to reduce arguments, fosters open communication, and eventually a better team spirit. The starting point is to gather feedback from your design team, developers, and stakeholders, which will help you identify the pain points in your current workflow.

A FeaturePaper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook forfuture research directions and describes possible research applications. The objective for this project is to reduce the secondary operation cut time by 10-20% (9-18 seconds). The students will simulate and test potential avenues of change, within the capabilities of PSB. Located in metro Clearfield, Utah, the campus will serve as a nexus for Draper’s support for missions and business in the U.S. aerospace, defense and national security sectors. Access agency-related Slack channels, exchange business insights, and join in on members-only live sessions. The easiest way to give back to the AIGA community is to gift a course to a fellow AIGA member.

A metrics dashboard displaying progress within the team will help keep team members motivated and understand where they might be falling behind. Individual (i.e., per-employee) OKRs will help your designers see how their work objectives fit as an element of the greater design puzzle. As a result, they’ll know how their work contributes to the overall outcome of the project.

LogRocket lets you replay users' product experiences to visualize struggle, see issues affecting adoption, and combine qualitative and quantitative data so you can create amazing digital experiences. Ultimately, taking care of design operations usually leads to higher job satisfaction, leading to better employee retention and overall productivity. One of the newest additions to the product design world is the inception of design operations — DesignOps for short. “These structures shape the level of authority designers have, the kinds of expected outputs, and the processes that design groups develop to achieve consistency,” says Austin.

Check the course material, instructor credentials, and reviews before enrolling in an online course to ensure it fits with what you want to learn. Additionally, some courses may offer certificates upon completion, which can be valuable for your career in the design and UX field. Consider joining online design and UX communities like the Interaction Design Foundation (IDF) or UX Design Institute. These platforms often offer UX resources, webinars, and courses related to DesignOps and UX design. A specialized course by Nielsen Norman Group built to help in defining, sharing, and implementing design and research operations.

What is DesignOps? Improve your design workflow and operations

Table Of Content

• What problems does DesignOps solve?
• Understanding the role of design operations on your team
• “DesignOps takes the stress away from designers and lets them do what they do best.”
• Tips to improving your design workflow and operations
• Scale your design operations

Consolidating design systems and components into one central location boosts efficiency across design, marketing, engineering, and business teams to develop faster, while keeping BBVA design consistent across all teams. Successful design organizations use functional teams instead of silos to ensure employees have plenty of opportunities to collaborate. The next step is to interview other stakeholders to find out how your design team affects other departments.

What problems does DesignOps solve?

All effort aims to weave user centred design, outcome orientated thinking and scientific method into the way the business operates. Design Operations (or DesignOps) is the intentional operationalisation and optimisation of design. It focuses on designing the design practice and building a systematic framework that allows design to succeed at scale. It also explores how design can better integrate with an organisation to shape and build products that win. Some organizations might follow the Design Thinking process, while others might focus primarily on Google’s Design Sprints. While this approach might be effective if you’re a small team or an early-stage startup, bear in mind that it’s not a scalable approach.

Understanding the role of design operations on your team

Team members have access to templates, frameworks, and reusable design elements, eliminating the need to start every task from scratch. This increases efficiency and gives team members more time to focus on adding value to the organization. It’s difficult to stay motivated when other people don’t understand the value of your work. If your company decides to use the design ops approach, you’ll be able to measure your impact using a variety of metrics.

“DesignOps takes the stress away from designers and lets them do what they do best.”

This is more than just tooling, but includes everything about an organization’s design. Designers are becoming increasingly isolated from each other when there is no main team or specialists work remotely. The DesignOps engineer structures teams with a full set of skills, defines the roles of the design department, creates communities where practitioners can share skills and interests, and organizes regular meetings for them. The data obtained will tell you how specialists evaluate the effectiveness of work processes, what the design gaps are, and what hinders them the most.

Foodservice design operations merge; millwork division rebranded - woodworkingnetwork.com

Foodservice design operations merge; millwork division rebranded.

Posted: Thu, 31 Aug 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

DesignOps Courses

This way, your team can focus more time on the actual design and maintain consistency with the coded product. While this approach might still work well for some teams, it is unproductive at scale. Here’s where DesignOps comes in, helping orchestrate teamwork and building clear structure and roles.

Tips to improving your design workflow and operations

As the product design industry matures, new roles and processes emerge to streamline the work and improve the quality of designs produced. In addition to identifying a set of consolidated focus areas, consider who will take ownership of each area. When you’re ready to scale your design operations, it’s important to be clear about what your team can accomplish. You can’t always say yes or else team members are likely to burn out, causing the quality of their work to suffer.

With the advent of agile, the importance of design got pushed to the fringes in favor of fast results and solutions, oftentimes neglecting to understand the underlying problems. Many DesignOps professionals and organizations share informative content on YouTube. Search for DesignOps-related channels and webinars to find valuable insights and discussions. Review the technical skill set of your team and whether they have the necessary skills to execute the workflow efficiently. And if there’s any lack, provide them with appropriate DesignOps training to plug the gap.

Pasadena Weekly Events - Design Operations Los Angeles 2023 - Pasadena Weekly

Pasadena Weekly Events - Design Operations Los Angeles 2023.

Posted: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 08:00:00 GMT [source]

Productive Serves Makerstreet as a Single Source of Truth

For example, because design is emotional it means that it is already a fairly difficult deliverable to communicate accurately. Couple that with abstracted digital toolboxes, you will end up with a ton of misalignment between team members. When it comes to the design side of the equation there is nothing quite like it. Whether you’re looking for internships, entry level positions or team leadership positions, search with confidence and use the DesignOps community to garner extra insights. Request access to UXPin Merge and start prototyping with interactive UI elements that are a single source of truth between design and development.

If you take the time to set reasonable expectations, you can cut down on the number of irrelevant requests you receive. Design managers and design ops managers have some of the same responsibilities. For example, the design manager oversees team members and monitors workflows.

The AIGA Leadership and Team Management Certificate is designed for current and prospective managers seeking to grow their leadership capacity. You will also receive an email from AIGA's concierge learning services with onboarding information and instructions, including your login and password for access to the learning community. Courses are offered in collaboration/partnership with MindEdge, a leading online learning platform that has served over 3 million learners.

As one person recently put it to me recently, DevOps was created as a way to remove QA and SysAdmin from the operations equation. Developers owned their own QA as well as given means and authority to deploy their code directly through to the delivery system(s). Similar unresolved issues often lead to burnout, slow product implementation, and poor design quality. Any web design agency that implements DesignOps into its processes eliminates these shortcomings, improving design and making its scaling easier. The DesignOps engineer organizes seminars and training for the career development of the design team.

By consciously taking care of those processes, you can significantly improve your team’s efficiency, motivation, and collaboration. It also helps ensure consistency and scalability within the whole organization. Although DesignOps is more about what we do as an organization, more mature companies often have dedicated roles that focus entirely on improving design operations.

Gala Marigold in South Bopal, Ahmedabad Find Price, Gallery, Plans, Amenities on CommonFloor com

Table Of Content

• Gala Swing
• Frequently Asked Questions on Gala Marigold
• Specifications - Gala Marigold
• Maxima Watches
• Working Days

Gala Marigold which has Apartments at South Bopal, Ahmedabad is the most demanded locality for the ones who desires to invest in future perspectives too. Also many business establishments along with well known schools, colleges, medical centers, shopping malls and places of recreation is in close vicinity to Gala Marigold . Gala Marigold is strategically crafted keeping in mind even the minutest details. The Company Check is a registered information and data resource technology platform developed, owned and maintained solely by TCC Information Private Limited.

Gala Swing

Offering an ever-changing menu of locally-sourced cuisine paired with the finest beverages, The House of Marigold is a New American restaurant where guests are treated like family. Owners Adrienne Cole and Chef Kristopher Cole are dedicated to creating an elevated hospitality experience complemented by accessible, farm-to-table food and a carefully curated drink selection, all served in an elegant yet welcoming atmosphere. Whether you’re enjoying small bites with cocktails or a quiet brunch with friends, your table is waiting! For those looking for something a bit more exclusive, the dining room is available to rent for special events and private dinners. The House of Marigold sets the bar for creative, hand-crafted cuisine and gracious ambience, no matter the occasion.

Frequently Asked Questions on Gala Marigold

The House of MG was built by one of the city Fathers and it wonderfully represents the colonial heritage architecture of the early 20th century, replete with courtyards and verandahs, overflowing with greenery. It prides itself as a children, single lady traveller and elderly friendly hotel. Mahatma Gandhi was a guest in this property on his return from South Africa in 1915, which even then was staffed by locals from neighbouring villages. Today this property celebrates local craftsmanship and cuisine, and embodies responsible tourism offering exceptional Gujarati hospitality in an ambiance that feels like home.

IND vs PAK: Ahmedabad hotel tariff hits the roof but cheaper options available - Hindustan Times

IND vs PAK: Ahmedabad hotel tariff hits the roof but cheaper options available.

Posted: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Specifications - Gala Marigold

The data we provide on The Company Check is sourced from reliable portals and we have greatly endeavoured to verify its authenticity and have made certain of its security. We, The Company Check, do not take any responsibility, express or implied, with regards to the quality, accuracy, timeliness, completeness, performance, fitness for a particular purpose of the data we provide and The Company Check is not liable for the same. Any information found on the platform of The Company Check cannot be sold, licensed, rented or redistributed by any person or entity in any form whatsoever. Apartment sizes in the project range from 1070 sqft to 1395 sqft. A platform that brings together residents, owners and tenants in one place. The project is located in Beside Gala Gardenia, Off S.P. Ring Road, South Bopal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA.

Maxima Watches

Each Grand Suite has a large bathroom (with shower) and a dressing area. The Standard room (approx room size including bathroom 227 sqft to 385 sqft) comes with a king size bed and all modern amenities. It also has a single seater sofa, a work table and an attached bathroom (with shower) with dressing area. Grand Deluxe Rooms are large (approx room size including bathroom 485 sqft to 820 sqft) and cozy rooms with King size four-poster bed / Twin beds and a worktable. Most of them have a small library and a swing (a hanging sofa typical of a Gujarati home) and are equipped with all modern amenities.

Kanchangauri Suite (with kitchentte) (approx room size including bathroom 822 sqft) have a seating area separated from the bedroom (with shower). Along with all the modern conveniences, this suite has a King Size bed, a sofa set, and a work table. Mangaldas Suite (approx room size including bathroom 822 sqft) have a seating area separated from the bedroom (with shower).

Watch connoisseurs delight: Marigold's time museum in Ahmedabad houses 17th century old watches - The Economic Times

Watch connoisseurs delight: Marigold's time museum in Ahmedabad houses 17th century old watches.

Posted: Sat, 07 Feb 2015 08:00:00 GMT [source]

Along with all the modern conveniences, these rooms have a King Size bed. Mangaldas Suite has a large bathroom (with shower) and a dressing area. All the five Grand Suites in the House of MG (approx room size including bathroom 670 sqft to 822 sqft) have a seating area separated from the bedroom (with shower). Along with all the modern conveniences, these rooms have a King Size bed or two twin beds.

In the quiet by-lanes of Ahmedabad, dwells a villa dressed up in a Baroque appearance and houses designer watches created as precious pieces of jewelllery.

House of M: The Complete Event Reading Lists Marvel Comics

Table Of Content

• House of M Core Issues
• Issue #5
• Issue #1
• How does House of M fit into the Marvel Universe?
• Issue #3
• House of M: Avengers
• Recommended Series

The Avengers come together to try to make sense of what happened that night, only to be confronted by a distraught Doctor Strange, who states that the "House of M" timeline really took place, and its effects are slowly being felt on a wider scale. Investigating, they find Hawkeye's uniform pinned to a wall with his arrows, suggesting Hawkeye is alive. Back in Genosha, Magneto receives representatives from around the world to commemorate the mutant triumph over humanity. The heroes attack Magneto and his family directly, while Cloak, Emma Frost, Doctor Strange, and Layla search for Xavier. They find a gravestone with Xavier's name, but Cloak discovers nobody buried beneath it. There are some clear potential answers to how incorporating aspects of House of M could play out in the MCU.

House of M Core Issues

Wanda Maximoff creates an alternate reality after Vision's death, although she only affects one town, Westview, instead of the whole world.[12][13] Her children also appear in both WandaVision and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness. Comic book precedent says that Wanda's reality-altering powers could include everything from empowering or depowering mutants, changing and creating alternate realities, and even bringing people back to life – or killing them. As a result of House of M, the Skrulls, who long sought to conquer Earth, saw an opening with the reduction in the number of mutants to strike, launching an insidious infiltration campaign to replace some of Earth's heroes including the Avengers, X-Men, and more, and take over the world. That story, Secret Invasion, led Spider-Man's one-time arch-enemy Norman Osborn (a.k.a. the Green Goblin) to become the leader of a new world security force titled HAMMER which replaced SHIELD after defeating the leader of the Skrulls. With that one phrase, Wanda Maximoff returned the Marvel Universe to normal – and simultaneously took away the mutant powers from all but 198 mutants, killing many as a result and depowering thousands, if not millions of mutants, including many well-known X-Men and villains. House of M was an eight-part limited series that also included a number of requisite tie-ins and spin-off series set in its unique world, where Magneto has fulfilled his ambitions of a society led by mutants, and humans are relegated to second-class citizens.

Issue #5

The potential seeds of WandaVision throughout the MCU are vast – that seems to be the case when reality itself is subject to change. And even narrowing down the potential consequences to the simple basis of Scarlet Witch's comic book story hints at potentially massive ramifications down the line. M-Day marked a period of increasingly dire circumstances for mutantkind, with their numbers dwindling and conflicts with the Avengers and other heroes also leading to an eventual split in their ranks and further deaths at the hands of a disease caused by the Inhuman Terrigen Mists. He theorizes Magneto used her to create a world where everyone's deepest wish was granted. Wolverine is an Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. but remembers the world from before 'House of M'. Cage reveals that a little girl named Layla Miller told him almost exactly the same thing days ago.

Issue #1

Some exceptions apply to "sapiens" who live with privileges like Carol Danvers (Ms. Marvel in Earth-616 continuity, but Captain Marvel in the World of M) and Peter Parker (Spider-Man). Danvers is widely known to be a "sapiens," while Spider-Man is believed by the House of M world at large to be a mutant. Bendis, the lead writer for the House of M event, stated that the series would "shake the world and break the Internet wide open."[3] Before the event, Bendis also mentioned in several interviews that the event would have a lasting effect on the Marvel Universe, but remained tight-lipped as to what.

"Secret Invasion"

Meanwhile, in Genosha, Lord Magnus ignores his daughter, Lorna, in order to look at a memorial gravestone in the Genosha gardens that commemorates the death of Professor Charles Xavier. In a May 5, 2008, interview, Brian Michael Bendis indicated that the events of "House of M" play into the "Secret Invasion" storyline. The Skrull queen, still disguised as Jessica Drew, considered the resulting "Decimation" to be a boon to the Skrull's plans as they could now divert the part of their forces intended to deal with Earth's mutant population to other areas. Meanwhile, Xavier arranges a meeting of Super Heroes to decide the fate of Wanda Maximoff. Calling the Avengers, the X-Men and several lone heroes, a meeting ensues high atop Avengers Tower, presided over by Professor X himself. Emma Frost, reading the minds of all those in attendance, concludes that killing Wanda is the only way to end her destructive magic.

After a heated exchange, Hawkeye is killed for the second time as one of the Scarlet Witch's antagonized sons - who, as in Avengers Disassembled, are both conduits for Wanda's own troubled mind - uses his mutant powers to make the poor avenger non-existent again. Meanwhile in the memorial garden, Magneto confronts Emma Frost and Layla Miller, who reveals the truth to Magneto about all that has happened. He nearly kills Quicksilver by pummeling him to a bloody pulp with large pieces of steel.

Issue #3

There, Wolverine relates to the Sapien Underground Resistance the series of events that led to the establishment of this alternate world, including the Scarlet Witch's nervous breakdown and the subsequent murders of Hawkeye, Vision, Jack of Hearts, and Ant-Man, resulting in the destruction of the Avengers. Wolverine theorizes that his personal history under the Weapon X Program had so drastically wiped clean his memory that he alone could remember how things were. Furthermore, Wolverine asserts that as of yesterday he could remember every day of his life, and that he had what he most desired. Eventually Wolverine hypothesizes that Magneto used his daughter to give everyone what they wanted, so that the Master of Magnetism could have what he wanted -- global domination and a world where mutants dominate over the common man. Given that the House of M reality was created by the Scarlet Witch and Charles Xavier, combining their powers to give the assembled New Avengers and X-Men their hearts' desires, it appears that Magneto's heart desire was threefold.

House of M: Avengers

Fall of the House of X (2024) #4 Comic Issues - Marvel

Fall of the House of X ( #4 Comic Issues.

Posted: Wed, 17 Apr 2024 07:00:00 GMT [source]

The attacker is Hawkeye, who begins to break down emotionally to Wanda about his death in the real timeline. After a heated exchange, Hawkeye is killed for the second time as one of the Scarlet Witch's antagonized sons uses his mutant powers to "erase" the Avenger. Meanwhile, in the memorial garden, Magneto confronts Emma Frost and Layla Miller, who reveal the truth to Magneto about all that has happened. He kills Quicksilver by pummeling him to a bloody pulp with large pieces of steel. She begins to lash out, saying "We're freaks, Mutants... You chose this over us and you ruined us... Daddy!" She then utters "No more mutants." Everything turns to white once again.

Because of this, the world is a racist society, with mutants controlling governments, businesses, and culture, and humans (or "sapiens") are looked down on as inferior (essentially a reversal of the status quo in the mainstream Marvel Universe, where mutants are looked down on and despised instead). Wanda's children, William and Thomas, once thought to have been simple magical constructs of her imagination – were revealed to have been reborn as two mutant children, Billy Kaplan/Wiccan and Tommy Shepherd/Speed of the Young Avengers. Billy Kaplan is, of course, now the consort of Teddy Altman/Hulkling/Emperor Dorrek VIII of the Kree/Skrull empire – all of which was at the center of this summer's Empyre comic book event.

Magneto blames himself for twisting his children through the strength of his own dreams and ambitions. But it was one of their own that almost destroyed mutantkind – Wanda Maximoff, the Scarlet Witch - who once weaved a reality-warping spell so dire that nearly all mutants were lost as a result. As for why 'Contempt,' it may be a reference to a less-than-blissful married life with Vision, masked by a sitcom setting - or a reference to Wanda's time as a villain in the aforementioned House of M.

The events of the storyline were later indicated to have occurred on Earth-58163. After enduring a less than pleasant security check from Hawkeye, Wolverine realizes that the Red Guard has followed the tracking chip that Hawkeye just removed from his neck. The room explodes and Wolverine's teammates storm the underground headquarters. In the middle of the battle, Cloak teleports everyone he can to the Kingpin's office, which he knew would be empty.

An incredulous Luke Cage asks how did Magnus know what they wanted; Wolverine simply states that Charles Xavier, whom Magneto had kidnapped prior to the final transition into the House of M, would have the power to ascertain these desires. When Wolverine questions if the group believes his story, they say that yes, they do. Questioning why they believe him so easily when his story is so fantastic, Wolverine is presented with young Layla Miller, a mutant girl in the alternate world who awoke that morning to realize she had the power to show people the real world. Wolverine decides that the best way to proceed is to get all his former teammates together to kill Magneto and the rest of the House of M. Wolverine and the resistance then arrive, via Cloak's transporting power, at Emma Frost's home; Wolverine asks the young girl known as Layla Miller to "enlighten" Ms. Frost, just as she had previously done with Luke Cage. It is still unknown why Layla remembers the world before the change, but it is believed she is a mutant with the ability to see alterations in reality.

The rest of the group decides that they must talk to Wanda in person before making their decision. In this world, Magneto was attacked by Sentinels in Manhattan in 1979 (taking advantage of Marvel's sliding timescale policy, no heroes were active in the 1970s). At the end of the attack, Magneto revealed an alleged international anti-mutant conspiracy involving Richard M. Nixon. As a result, Magneto was granted sovereignty of the island of Genosha as the leader of the world's mutants. Another result was that the protection of mutant life was judged to be the first worry of all laws (as a result, stem cell research on mutant embryos is illegal, but stem cell research on altered human embryos is permitted).

From across the room comes a cold and distant voice -- that of Professor Charles Xavier, who demands Wanda return the world to normal. Instead, Wanda is resting in a dark room in the devastated mutant paradise of Genosha. Magneto appears, dressed humbly, and asks Professor X about his progress with his daughter. Professor X informs Magneto that his power will no longer be enough to hold back Wanda and that a solution must be found. Magneto, blaming himself for twisting his children through the strength of his own dreams and ambitions, walks on a magnetic field towards the center of the island to be alone. The Marvel Cinematic Universe miniseries WandaVision is inspired by the House of M storyline.

Importance ofBlock Randomization When Designing ProteomicsExperiments PMC

Table Of Content

• 4 Outlook: Multiple Block Factors
• Complete Block Designs
• Block a few of the most important nuisance factors
• 2.1 Experiment and Data
• Batch

As the 2k design is primarily used to screen factors/variables, often a very large number of experimental units are required to complete even one full replication. For an example, 26 design with six variables requires 64 experimental units to complete one full replication. In the 2k design of experiment, blocking technique is used when enough homogenous experimental units are not available.

4 Outlook: Multiple Block Factors

Although the sex of the patient is not the main focus of the experiment—the effect of the drug is—it is possible that the sex of the individual will affect the amount of weight lost. Contrast analysis is based on either aov() or lmer() for estimating the linear model, and estimated marginal means from emmeans(), where results from aov() are based exclusively on the intra-block information and can differ from those based on lmer(). In two-stage experimentation, it is recommended that a block effect is included in the model to capture a possible shift in the mean response between the stages. In this paper, it is investigated how the inclusion of a block effect in the model affects the design and analysis of the experiment. I think most of the time it’s just a matter of convention, likely proper to each field.

Improving reproducibility in animal research by splitting the study population into several 'mini-experiments' Scientific ... - Nature.com

Improving reproducibility in animal research by splitting the study population into several 'mini-experiments' Scientific ....

Posted: Tue, 06 Oct 2020 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Complete Block Designs

When the experiment consists of multiple batches,they will undergothe same experimental protocol at different points in time and/orspace. Every step of the protocol may then introduce variation thatis specific for each batch. If samples are moved across batches betweenprocessing steps, each processing step has its own specific sample-to-batchallocation. Then, each processing step will have its own batch effect,and each of these will have to be estimated, unnecessarily increasingthe complexity of the model.

Block a few of the most important nuisance factors

Whenever, you have more than one blocking factor a Latin square design will allow you to remove the variation for these two sources from the error variation. So, consider we had a plot of land, we might have blocked it in columns and rows, i.e. each row is a level of the row factor, and each column is a level of the column factor. We can remove the variation from our measured response in both directions if we consider both rows and columns as factors in our design. If the structure were a completely randomized experiment (CRD) that we discussed in lesson 3, we would assign the tips to a random piece of metal for each test. In this case, the test specimens would be considered a source of nuisance variability. If we conduct this as a blocked experiment, we would assign all four tips to the same test specimen, randomly assigned to be tested on a different location on the specimen.

When the groups do not have a small common divisor, one can createblocks of different sizes. For example, in a nine vs ten setting,one would make eight blocks consisting of one subject of each group,and one block with the remaining three subjects (Figure ​Figure33B). In an experiment with multipletreatment levels, e.g., Placebo, Treatment1, and Treatment 2, the blocks would consistof subjects from all treatments. As previously, the blocks are putin random order, the order of the treatments within the blocks ischosen randomly for each block, and subjects are finally randomlyallocated according to their characteristics. A nuisance factor is a factor that has some effect on the response, but is of no interest to the experimenter; however, the variability it transmits to the response needs to be minimized or explained.

If different processing steps of the protocol have differentsizeconstraints, i.e., one step requires more batches than another, beingable to combine the smaller batches into larger batches without havingto split the smaller batches is ideal. For example, when one experimentalstep can process 12 samples at once, while another step can process24 samples at once, two batches from the first step can be combinedfor the second processing step. When this is not possible, it makesmost sense to set up the batches according to the smallest constraints,and keep these batches throughout. In the following wewill assume the conceptually simplest settingof label-free quantification without the use of reference samples.The concepts and considerations are however generally independentof the experimental setup.

Or do blocks 3 and 4 have a higher mean because they contain both compounds 3 and 4? The design cannot help us entirely disentangle the impact of blocks and treatments19. In our modelling, we will assume variation should first be described by blocks (which are generally fixed aspects of the experiment) and then treatments (which are more directly under the experimenter’s control). Here, each block has size 4, which is equal to the number of treatments in the experiment, and each treatment is applied in each block. The design is balanced having the effect that our usual estimators andsums of squares are “working.” In R, we would use the model formulay ~ Block1 + Block2 + Treat. We cannot fit a more complex model, includinginteraction effects, here because we do not have the corresponding replicates.

Create your experimental design with a simple Python command by Tirthajyoti Sarkar - Towards Data Science

Create your experimental design with a simple Python command by Tirthajyoti Sarkar.

Posted: Wed, 04 Jul 2018 02:31:34 GMT [source]

Crossover Design Balanced for Carryover Effects

If we want to analyze data from an RCBD, we need to assume that the block-by-treatment interaction is negligible. We can then merge the interaction and residual factors and use the sum of their variation for estimating the residual variance (Fig. 7.2D). Latin Square Designs are probably not used as much as they should be - they are very efficient designs. In other words, these designs are used to simultaneously control (or eliminate) two sources of nuisance variability. For instance, if you had a plot of land the fertility of this land might change in both directions, North -- South and East -- West due to soil or moisture gradients.

It is instead recommended to keep thesame batches throughout the experiment, so that possible batch effectsfrom different processing steps are combined into one overall batcheffect. We consider an example which is adapted from Venables and Ripley (2002), the original source isYates (1935) (we will see the full data set in Section 7.3). Atsix different locations (factor block), three plots of land were available.Three varieties of oat (factor variety with levels Golden.rain, Marvellousand Victory) were randomized to them, individually per location. So far we have discussed experimental designs with fixed factors, that is, the levels of the factors are fixed and constrained to some specific values. In some cases, the levels of the factors are selected at random from a larger population. In this case, the inference made on the significance of the factor can be extended to the whole population but the factor effects are treated as contributions to variance.

In an RCBD, we can estimate any treatment contrast and all effects independently within each block, and then average over blocks. We can use the same intra-block analysis for a BIBD by estimating contrasts and effects based on those blocks that contain sufficient information and averaging over these blocks. Deciphering the association between sample characteristics, e.g.,tumor types, and the proteome holds the key for improved diagnosticand treatment of diseases.

The Design Structure has one factor (oven run, Run), and the Treatment Structure two factors (Recipe and Temperature). Because every run has to be a single (nominal) temperature, Temperature and Run must occur at the same level of the experimental design. Often, the researcher is not interested in the block effect per se, but he only wants to account for the variability in response between blocks. Finally, if you expect the 'treatment effect' to differ from block to block, then interactions should be considered.

For that reason, we will start off our discussion of blocking by focusing on the main goal of blocking and leave the specific implementation details for later. In this article we tell you everything you need to know about blocking in experimental design. After that, we discuss when you should use blocking in your experimental design. Finally, we walk through the steps that you need to take in order to implement blocking in your own experimental design. In this case treatment (1) and treatment ab will be in the first block, and treatment a and treatment b will be in the second block. Blocking designs are also important in animal experiments (Lazic and Essioux 2013; Festing 2014), and replicating pre-clinical experiments in at least two laboratories can greatly increase reproducibility (Karp 2018).

They have four different dosages they want to try and enough experimental wafers from the same lot to run three wafers at each of the dosages.

The “true”protein abundance for each patient is plotted in Figure ​Figure11B and F for the ordered andcomplete randomized allocations, respectively. Note that, apart fromthe order of the samples, these figures are exactly the same. Randomizationis used in experimental design to reduce the prevalenceof unanticipated confounders.

Blocking in experimental design

Table Of Content

• Block Randomization
• Table of Contents
• 4.3 Crossing Blocks: Latin Squares
• Missing Data
• Crossover Design Balanced for Carryover Effects
• Analysis of Variance:Table of Contents

The data are shown in Figure 7.1B, where we connect the three observed enzyme levels in each block by a line, akin to an interaction plot. The vertical dispersion of the lines indicates that enzyme levels within each litter are systematically different from those in other litters. The lines are roughly parallel, which shows that all three drug treatments are affected equally by these systematic differences, there is no litter-by-drug interaction, and treatment contrasts are unaffected by systematic differences between litters.

Block Randomization

Here is a plot of the least squares means for Yield with all of the observations included. Where F stands for “Full” and R stands for “Reduced.” The numerator and denominator degrees of freedom for the F statistic is \(df_R - df_F\) and \(df_F\) , respectively. Below is the Minitab output which treats both batch and treatment the same and tests the hypothesis of no effect. Imagine an extreme scenario where all of the athletes that are running on turf fields get allocated into one group and all of the athletes that are running on grass fields are allocated into the other group. In this case it would be near impossible to separate the impact that the type of cleats has on the run times from the impact that the type of field has. Suppose engineers at a semiconductor manufacturing facility want to test whether different wafer implant material dosages have a significant effect on resistivity measurements after a diffusion process taking place in a furnace.

Table of Contents

Because of the restricted layout, one observation per treatment in each row and column, the model is orthogonal. This property has an impact on how we calculate means and sums of squares, and for this reason, we can not use the balanced ANOVA command in Minitab even though it looks perfectly balanced. We will see later that although it has the property of orthogonality, you still cannot use the balanced ANOVA command in Minitab because it is not complete. When the data are complete this analysis from GLM is correct and equivalent to the results from the two-way command in Minitab. It would reduce the overall effect of that treatment, and the estimated treatment mean would be biased. Before high-speed computing, data imputation was often done because the ANOVA computations are more readily done using a balanced design.

4.3 Crossing Blocks: Latin Squares

Each treatment occurs exactly once per row and once per column and the latin square design imposes two simultaneous constraints on the randomization of drugs on mice. A simple yet powerful design is the randomized complete block design (RCBD), where each block has as many units as there are treatments, and we randomly assign each treatment to one unit in each block. We can extend it to a generalized randomized complete block design (GRCBD) by using more than one replicate of each treatment per block. If the block size is smaller than the number of treatments, a balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) still allows treatment allocations balanced over blocks such that all pair contrasts are estimated with the same precision.

This Lego experiment shows our brains prefer adding. Here's why it matters - World Economic Forum

This Lego experiment shows our brains prefer adding. Here's why it matters.

Posted: Wed, 21 Apr 2021 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Statistical Analysis of the Latin Square Design

Here is an alternative way to analyze this design using the analysis portion of the fractional factorial software in Minitab v.16. Using an experiment-wise error rate of 5%, we see significant differences between materials A and B, A and C, A and D, and B and C. We can study the data graphically, plotting by treatment and by block. Minitab’s General Linear Command handles random factors appropriately as long as you are careful to select which factors are fixed and which are random.

In the first RCBD (Figure 7.3B), we create a blocking factor ‘above’ the original experimental unit factor and group mice by their litters. In the second RCBD (Figure 7.3C), we subdivide the experimental unit into smaller units by taking multiple samples per mouse. This re-purposes the original experimental unit factor as the blocking factor and introduces a new factor ‘below,’ but requires that we now randomize Drug on (Sample) to obtain an RCBD and not pseudo-replication. In an ideal situation, a completely randomized full factorial with multiple numerous replications would make a lot of statistical theoretical sense, including reducing the confidence interval, the higher power of the findings, and so on. In fact, completely randomized design has been considered the most efficient over the years.

In some scenarios, however, it is necessary to use more than one replicate of each treatment per block. This is typically the case if our blocking factor is non-specific and introduced to capture grouping due to the logistics of the experiment. For example, we might conduct our drug comparisons in two different laboratories.

Note that blocking is a special way to design an experiment, or a special“flavor” of randomization. Blocking can also be understood as replicating an experimenton multiple sets, e.g., different locations, of homogeneous experimental units,e.g., plots of land at an individual location. The experimental units shouldbe as similar as possible within the same block, but can be very differentbetween different blocks.

This type of design can be extended to an arbitrary number of nested blocks and we might use two labs, two cages per lab, and two litters per cage for our example. As long as each nested factor is replicated, we are able to estimate corresponding variance components. If a factor is not replicated (e.g., we use a single litter per lab), then there are no degrees of freedom for the nested blocking factor, and the effects of both blocking factors are completely confounded.

The definition and analysis of linear contrasts work exactly as for the two-way ANOVA in Section 6.6, and contrasts are defined on the six treatment group means. For direct comparison with our previous results, we estimate the two interaction contrasts of Table 6.6 in the blocked design. They compare the difference in enzyme levels for D1 (resp. D2) under low and high fat diet to the corresponding difference in the placebo group; estimates and Bonferroni-corrected confidence intervals are shown in Table 7.2. Properties non-specific to the experimental units include (i) batches of chemicals used for the experimental unit; (ii) device used for measurements; or (iii) date in multi-day experiments. These are often necessary to account for systematic differences from the logistics of the experiment (such as batch effects); they also increase the generalizability of inferences due to the broader experimental conditions. The omnibus \(F\)-test for the treatment factor provides clear evidence that the drugs affect the enzyme levels differently and the differences in average enzyme levels between drugs is about 85 times larger than the residual variance.

Identify potential factors that are not the primary focus of the study but could introduce variability. In this design, you would have exactly two of each type of dough in each of the oven runs. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. That is, the presence or absence of the block parameters does not affect the estimator of the treatment parameters (and vice versa). We can create a (random) Latin Square design in R for example with thefunction design.lsd of the package agricolae (de Mendiburu 2020). And the 12 machines are distinguished by nesting the i index within the h replicates.

Special considerations for labeled experiments,experiments with reference samples, and experiments with repeatedmeasures are provided at the end. This paper develops the idea of min–max robust experiment design for dynamic system identification. The idea of min–max experiment design has been explored in the statistics literature. However, the technique is virtually unknown by the engineering community and, accordingly, there has been little prior work on examining its properties when applied to dynamic system identification. The paper considers linear systems with energy (or power) bounded inputs.

All you have to do is go through your blocks one by one and randomly assign observations from each block to treatment groups in a way such that each treatment group gets a similar number of observations from each block. You can see this by these contrasts - the comparison between block 1 and Block 2 is the same comparison as the AB contrast. Note that the A effect and the B effect are orthogonal to the AB effect. This design gives you complete information on the A and the B main effects, but it totally confounds the AB interaction effect with the block effect. The reference design or design for differential precision is a variation of the BIBD that is useful when a main objective is comparing treatments to a control (or reference) group.

The measurement at this point is a direct reflection of treatment B but may also have some influence from the previous treatment, treatment A. This is a Case 2 where the column factor, the cows are nested within the square, but the row factor, period, is the same across squares. The simplest case is where you only have 2 treatments and you want to give each subject both treatments.

Let’s take participant gender in a simple 3-factor experiment as an example. We use the usual aov function with a model including the two main effectsblock and variety. It is good practice to write the block factor first; incase of unbalanced data, we would get the effect of variety adjusted for blockin the sequential type I output of summary, see Section 4.2.5and also Chapter 8. Note that the least squares means for treatments when using PROC Mixed, correspond to the combined intra- and inter-block estimates of the treatment effects.

We assume that the parameters lie in a given compact set and optimise the worst case over this set. We also provide a detailed analysis of the solution for an illustrative one parameter example and propose a convex optimisation algorithm that can be applied more generally to a discretised approximation to the design problem. We also examine the role played by different design criteria and present a simulation example illustrating the merits of the proposed approach.